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Preoperational anxiety is a universal reaction experienced by patients who are admitted to the hospital for surgery. Just the initial idea of having surgical procedures can bring about very high levels of anxiety in patients.〔Pritchard, Michael John "Identifying and assessing anxiety in pre-operative patients." ''Nursing Standard'' 23.51 (2009): 35-40. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 29 September 2009.〕 Preoperational anxiety can be described as an unpleasant state of tension or uneasiness that results from a patient's doubts or fears (from a vast array) before an operation.〔 ==Measuring Preoperational Anxiety== The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) is a widespread method of measuring pre-operative anxiety for research. The STAI consists of two 20-item self-report scales that attempt to accurately measure the worry and apprehension based on both present circumstances and personality traits.〔Brown, Roger L., Audrey Tluczek, Jeffrey B. Henriques. “Support for the Reliability and Validity of a Six-Item State Anxiety Scale Derived From the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory”. ''Journal of Nursing Measurement'' (2009) Bnet. Web. 9 December 2009.〕 Patients are asked to rate the frequency of particular symptoms.〔 The STAI was based on the theory that there are two different aspects of anxiety. This caused two different sections of the STAI to develop: the State scale (designed to measure the circumstantial or temporary arousal of anxiety), and the Trait scale (designed to measure the long-standing personality characteristics related to anxiety). The items on each scale are based on a two-factor model: anxiety present, anxiety absent.〔 In the 2009 Journal of Nursing Measurement, Tluczek, Henriques, and Brown mention that one of the problems with the STAI is that the fast-paced hospital environment makes it is difficult to get each patient through all 20 items, especially when there are other assessments that need to be done.〔 Recently, other people have tried to create shortened versions of the 20-item STAI. For example, Tluczek et al. (2009) have found that the Marteau and Bekker’s six-item version of the State Anxiety scale has “favorable internal consistency reliability and validity when correlated with the parent 20-item State scale”.〔 Research on new and improved methods is sure to be continuing. Other alternatives for quick and accurate measurements may be found in the future.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Preoperational anxiety」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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